High-temperature superconducting materials play an important role in industry, significantly improving the efficiency of power transmission and reducing energy consumption, and can bring major technological breakthroughs in areas such as nuclear fusion, energy storage, and magnetic levitation, which opens the new area in superconducting science and material science. High current carrying capacity as well as excellent magnetic and thermal properties can make high-temperature superconductors have wide application potential in energy transmission, medical imaging, magnetic suspension, and other fields. However, the study of high-temperature superconductors remains challenging. Understanding the superconducting mechanism, raising the critical temperature, and preparing complex structure are the main focuses of current researches. This paper briefly outlines the development of high-temperature superconductivity research. It begins with an exploration of BCS theory, which is closely related material thermodynamic properties. It then looks into the theory of electron interaction and discusses the idea of magnetic vortices. The focus is on key materials like cuprates and iron pnictides, highlighting their growing use in technology, aiming to enhance understanding of this field.

Keywords: High-temperature superconductivity, Superconductivity theory, Superconductivity research focus, Superconductivity materials.