Cement, a key component of concrete, significantly contributes to global carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, ranking as the third-largest anthropogenic CO₂ producer globally after transport and energy. It faces a reduced lifespan due to microbial attacks, leading to corrosion and structural damage from small fissures. Sealants and other conventional techniques are expensive, time-consuming, and non-sustainable. The negative environmental and health effects of cement-concrete manufacturing have led to the development of "Bio concrete," a self-healing alternative for eco-friendly and cost-effective construction for future generations. Bio-concrete utilizes microorganisms to make calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), fostering crack healing and enhancing concrete qualities. This review explores recent advancements in bio-concrete technologies, the microorganisms and additives used in its production, and a cost-benefit analysis of its application. It also examines performance outcomes through algorithmic models, and case studies, aimed at fostering sustainable infrastructure using bio-concrete.

Keywords: Bio-concrete, Biomineralization, Microbial additives, Self-healing concrete, Sustainable infrastructure.