To better understand the vibration characteristics of full ceramic ball bearings operating under low temperature conditions and ultimately reduce vibration levels to improve their service life, a low temperature bearing test machine was utilized to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the bearings. Vibration measurements were taken to determine the vibration acceleration root-mean-square value of the full ceramic ball bearings under varying rotational speeds and loads. The results show that the vibration acceleration reaches up to 3.17865 m/s² at room temperature. At around -100 ℃, the vibration reaches the lowest point, which is only 0.65415 m/s². As the temperature decreases, the vibration decreases gradually, especially when the temperature drops below -20 °C, the vibration decreases sharply. It was found that as the rotational speed increased, so did the vibration acceleration of the bearings, while the vibration acceleration showed a trend of decreasing initially and then stabilizing with increasing load. By comparing and analyzing simulation and test results, the simulation model was optimized and a vibration model specific to full ceramic ball bearings was established. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the use of full ceramic ball bearings in low temperature environments, offering valuable insights for reducing vibration and enhancing bearing longevity.

Keywords: Full ceramic ball bearing, Low temperature, Analog simulation, Vibration characteristics, Si₃N₄.