The lubrication methods and material characteristics of high-speed rolling bearings significantly impact the vibration and temperature of motorized spindles in high-speed machine tools. This study focuses on replacing traditional metal bearings with full ceramic ball bearings and analyzes three different types of bearings: Si₃N₄-Si₃N₄, ZrO₂-Si₃N₄, and GCr15-GCr15. Based on the quasi-static and oil film thickness theory of bearing, the influence of rotational speed on the centrifugal force of bearings of different materials and the oil film thickness of the raceway center of inner and outer rings was analyzed. According to different lubrication methods, the vibration and temperature rise characteristics of motorized spindle bearing systems under high-speed working conditions are analyzed in experiment. The results indicate that Si₃N₄-Si₃N₄ bearings exhibit lower centrifugal force and thicker oil films than the others. The experimental results show that the vibration-effective value of the Si₃N₄-Si₃N₄ bearing is lower than that of the other two materials when the speed is higher. Grease lubrication slightly reduces vibration acceleration compared to oil-air lubrication. The temperature rise difference of motorized spindle of oil-air lubricated full ceramic bearings is smaller than that of grease lubrication, and the average temperature rise difference is 4℃. Full ceramic bearings outperform steel bearings in all aspects under the same working conditions, and the Si₃N₄-Si₃N₄ bearing embodies the advantages of dynamic and thermal performance.

Keywords: Full ceramic ball bearings, High-speed motorized spindle, Lubrication methods, Vibration characteristics, Temperature rise characteristic.