The development of India into a modern country is slow but the population growth is rapid. Pure air, water and soil are the three important things for a day to day life in the current scenario. Pure form of these three is must. Nowadays many water resources, soils and air in the environment are polluted due to massive increase in population growth, industrialization and modern Urbanization. The heavy metals, dyes, pesticides etc., are mainly polluting the water bodies. In current scenario the world is in the need of treating water bodies, wastewater and sea water to reduce the water scarcity level. All wastewater and water treatment processes possess at least one separation process in the treatment units. Membrane separation process is playing a main role in the treatment process. In this study, the different types of conventional and advanced treatment processes were discussed. Membrane treatment techniques, Types of membranes, materials which can be used for membrane preparation, advantages and disadvantages of each materials, performance of organic membrane (polymeric membrane), performance of inorganic membrane (ceramic membrane) and membrane fabrication methods were also discussed in this study. To overcome the drawbacks, the new innovative idea was derived and discussed.

Keywords: Polymeric membrane, Inorganic membrane, Mixed matrix membrane